ऋषि ṛṣi they are the authors or rather seers of the Vedic hymns i.e. according to orthodox Hindu ideas they are the inspired personages to whom these hymns were revealed, and such an expression as "the ṛṣi says" is equivalent to "so it stands in the sacred text"
seven ṛṣis, sapta ṛṣayaḥ, or saptaṛṣayaḥ or saptarṣayaḥ, are often mentioned in the brāhmaṇas and later works as typical representatives of the character and spirit of the pre-historic or mythical period
in S3Br. xiv, 5, 2, 6 their names are given as follows, gotama, bharadvāja, viśvā-mitra, jamadagni, vasiṣṭha, kaśyapa, and atri
in MBh. xii, marīci, atri, aṅgiras, pulaha, kratu, pulastya, vasiṣṭha are given as the names of the ṛṣis of the first manvantara, and they are also called prajāpatis or patriarchs
the names of the ṛṣis of the subsequent manv-antaras are enumerated in Hariv. 417 ff.
afterwards three other names are added, viz. pracetas or dakṣa, bhṛgu, and nārada, these ten being created by manu svāyambhuva for the production of all other beings including gods and men A1s3vS3r. MBh. VP. etc.
in astron. the seven ṛṣis form the constellation of "the Great Bear" RV. x, 82, 2 AV. vi, 40, 1 S3Br. A1s3vGr2. MBh. etc.
(metaphorically the seven ṛṣis may stand for the seven senses or the seven vital airs of the body VS. xxxiv S3Br. xiv Ka1tyS3r.)
a saint or sanctified sage in general, an ascetic, anchorite (this is a later sense; sometimes three orders of these are enumerated, viz. devarṣis, brahmarṣis, and rājarṣis; sometimes seven, four others being added, viz. maharṣis, paramarṣis, śrutarṣis, and kāṇḍarṣis) Mn. iv, 94
xi, 236 S3ak. Ragh. etc.
the seventh of the eight degrees of Brahmans Hcat.
a hymn or mantra composed by a ṛṣi
the veda Comm. on MBh. and Pat.
a symbolical expression for the number seven
the moon
an imaginary circle
a ray of light L.
the fish Cyprinus ṛṣi L.; ([cf. Hib. arsan, "a sage, a man old in wisdom" ; arrach, "old, ancient, aged."]),
ऋषिकल्प ṛṣikalpa [ noun m ] m. "almost a ṛṣi", "similar to a ṛṣi" the sixth of the eight degrees of Brahmans Hcat. ऋषिकुल्या ṛṣikulyā [ noun f ] f. "the river of the ṛṣis", a sacred river, N. of sarasvatī (also denoting "the river of ṛṣis i.e. sacred hymns", sarasvatī being the goddess of speech) BhP. iii. 16, 13; 22, 27 N. of a river MBh. VP. Ma1rkP. etc. of a wife of bhūman BhP. v, 15, 5. ऋषिकृत् ṛṣikṛt [ noun m f n ] mfn. causing to see (Sa1y.), enlightening (said of agni) RV. i, 31, 16 enlightening (the mind), inspiring (said of the soma) RV. ix, 96, 18. ऋषिगण ṛṣigaṇa [ noun m ] m. the company or number of sages, host of patriarchal sages. ऋषिगिरि ṛṣigiri [ noun m ] m. N. of a mountain in magadha MBh. ऋषिगुप्त ṛṣigupta [ noun m f[ṛṣiguptā] n ] mfn. N. of a buddha Lalit. ऋषिचान्द्रायण ṛṣicāndrāyaṇa [ noun n ] n. a particular observance or penance. ऋषिचोदन ṛṣicodana [ noun m f[ṛṣicodanā] n ] mfn. animating or inspiring the ṛṣis RV. viii, 51, 3. ऋषिच्छन्दस् ṛṣicchandas [ noun n ] n. N. of particular metres, Rpra1t. ऋषिजाङ्गलिकी ṛṣijāṅgalikī [ noun f ] f. N. of a plant L. ऋषितर्पण ṛṣitarpaṇa [ noun n ] n. a handful of water presented as libation to the ṛṣis T. cf. Mn. ii, 176 N. of wk. ऋषितीर्थ ṛṣitīrtha [ noun n ] n. N. of a tīrtha. ऋषित्व ṛṣitva [ noun n ] n. the state of a ṛṣi MBh. ऋषिदेव ṛṣideva [ noun m ] m. N. of a buddha. ऋषिदेश ṛṣideśa [ noun m ] m. the country inhabited by the ṛṣis Hcat. ऋषिद्रोण ṛṣidroṇa [ noun m ] m. N. of a place. ऋषिद्विष् ṛṣidviṣ [ noun m f n ] mfn. hating the ṛṣis RV. i, 39, 10. ऋषिपञ्चमी ṛṣipañcamī [ noun f ] f. the fifth day in the light half of the month bhādrapada. ऋषिपतन ṛṣipatana [ noun m ] m. N. of a forest near Benares Lalit. ऋषिपुत्र ṛṣiputra [ noun m ] m. the son of a ṛṣi MBh. N. of an author. ऋषिपुत्रक ṛṣiputraka [ noun m ] m. Artemisia Vulgaris. ऋषिप्रशिष्ट ṛṣipraśiṣṭa [ noun m f[ṛṣipraśiṣṭā] n ] mfn. instructed by the ṛṣis AV. xi, 1, 15. ऋषिप्रोक्ता ṛṣiproktā [ noun f ] f. Glycine Debilis L. ऋषिबन्धु ṛṣibandhu [ noun m f n ] mfn. related to the ṛṣis RV. viii, 100, 6. ऋषिब्राह्मण ṛṣibrāhmaṇa [ noun n ] n. N. of wk. ऋषिमण्डल ṛṣimaṇḍala [ noun n ] n. N. of wk. ऋषिमनस् ṛṣimanas [ noun m f n ] mfn. of far-seeing or enlightened mind RV. ix, 96, 18. ऋषिमुख ṛṣimukha [ noun n ] n. the beginning of a ṛṣi or hymn. ऋषियज्ञ ṛṣiyajña [ noun m ] m. sacrifice to the ṛṣis i.e. study of the veda Mn. iv, 21. ऋषिलोक ṛṣiloka [ noun m ] m. the world of the ṛṣis (cf. deva-loka, brahma-l°) MBh. ऋषिवत् ṛṣivat ind. like a ṛṣi RV. x, 66, 14 Mn. ii, 189.
ऋषिशृङ्ग ṛṣiśṛṅga [ noun m ] m. N. of a man (cf. ṛśya-śṛ°.) ऋषिश्राद्ध ṛṣiśrāddha [ noun n ] n. "funeral oblation for the ṛṣis" (consisting of a mere handful of water), a figurative expression for insignificant acts which are preceded by great preparations, S3a1rn3g. ऋषिषह् ṛṣiṣah [ noun m f n ] (nom. -ṣā́ṭ) mfn. overcoming the ṛṣi (said of the soma) RV. ix, 76, 4. ऋषिषाण ṛṣiṣāṇa [ noun m f[ṛṣiṣāṇā] n ] mfn. (√ san), presented or offered by the ṛṣis (to the gods; said of the soma) RV. ix, 86, 4. ऋषिष्टुत ṛṣiṣṭuta [ noun m f[ṛṣiṣṭutā] n ] mfn. praised by the ṛṣis RV. vii, 75, 5; viii, 13, 25 AV. vi, 108, 2 S3Br. etc. ऋषिसंहिता ṛṣisaṁhitā [ noun f ] f. the saṁhitā of the ṛṣis Sam2hUp. ऋषिसत्तम ṛṣisattama [ noun m ] m. the best or most excellent of the sages. ऋषिसाह्वय ṛṣisāhvaya [ noun n ] n. "having ṛṣi as an appellation" N. of the forest ṛṣi-patana above Lalit. ऋषिस्तोम ṛṣistoma [ noun m ] m. a particular sacrifice A1s3vS3r. ऋषिस्वर ṛṣisvara [ noun m f[ṛṣisvarā] n ] mfn. praised by ṛṣis RV. v, 44, 8. ऋषिस्वाध्याय ṛṣisvādhyāya [ noun m ] m. repetition of the veda S3a1n3khGr2. ऋषीवत् ṛṣīvat [ noun m f[ṛṣīvatī] n ] mfn. (m. voc. °vas) associated with the ṛṣis RV. viii, 2, 28 ṛṣīvatī: [ noun f ] f. Ka1s3. on Pa1n2. 8-2, 11. ऋषीवह ṛṣīvaha [ noun m f[ṛṣīvahā] n ] mfn. Ka1s3. on Pa1n2. 6-3, 121. ऋषिक ṛṣika [ noun m ] m. a ṛṣi of lower degree N. of the king of the ṛṣikas m. pl. N. of a people MBh. Hariv. etc. ṛṣikā: [ noun f ] f. the wife of an inferior ṛṣi ṛṣikā: N. of a river MBh. VP. ऋषीक ṛṣīka [ noun m ] m. a species of grass Nigh. ऋषु ṛṣu [ noun m ] m. (√2. ṛṣ ?), glow, flame (?) BRD. (according to Sa1y., moving constantly; approaching; great; mighty; knowing; a ṛṣi) RV. ऋष्टि ṛṣṭi see under √2. ṛṣ, p.226.
ऋष्य ṛṣya etc. vv.ll. for ṛśya, etc., qq. v.
ऋष्व ṛṣva [ noun m f[ṛṣvā] n ] mf(ā)n. (√2. ṛṣ ?) , elevated, high RV. AV. VS. sublime, great, noble (as gods) RV. ऋष्ववीर ṛṣvavīra [ noun m f[ṛṣvavīrā] n ] mfn. inhabited by sublime heroes (as the sky) RV. i, 52, 13. ऋष्वौजस् ṛṣvaujas [ noun m f n ] mfn. having sublime power (as indra) RV. x, 105, 6. ऋहत् ṛhat [ noun m f[ṛhatī] n ] mfn. (√rah T.), small, weak, powerless RV. x, 28, 9. ॠ ṝ 1 the eighth vowel of the alphabet (the corresponding long vowel to ṛ and resembling the sound of ri in marine, but after labials more like ru; it generally only appears in some forms of nouns in ṛ, viz. in the gen. pl. of all genders, in the acc. pl. m. and f. and in nom. acc. and voc. pl. n.)
ॠकार ṝkāra [ noun m ] m. the letter or sound ṝ TPra1t. ॠ ṝ 2 ind. an interjection of terror L.
2 a particle implying reproach
2 warding off L.
2 a particle used at the beginning of a sentence L.
ॠ ṝ [ noun m ]3 m. a bhairava L. 3 a dānava L. [ noun f ]3 f. the mother of the gods 3 of the demons L. 3 recollection 3 going, motion L. [ noun n ]3 n. a breast L. ॠ ṝ 4 for 4. ṛ q.v.
ऌ ḷ 1 the ninth vowel of the alphabet (resembling the sound lry in revelry; it only appears in some forms of √kḷp).
ऌकार ḷkāra [ noun m ] m. the sound ḷ RPra1t. APra1t. TPra1t. ऌवर्ण ḷvarṇa [ noun m ] m. the sound ḷ RPra1t. APra1t. TPra1t. ऌ ḷ [ noun m ]2 m. a mountain L. 2 the earth, the mother of the gods L. ऌतक ḷtaka [ noun m ] m. N. of a man, mispronunciation of ṛtaka Pat. and Ka1s3. on śivasūtra 2. ॡ ḹ 1 the tenth vowel of the alphabet (the corresponding long vowel to ḷ, entirely artificial and only appearing in the works of some grammarians and lexicographers).
ॡ ḹ [ noun m ]2 m. śiva L. [ noun f ]2 f. the mother of the cow of plenty 2 the mother of the dānavas 2 wife of a daitya 2 mother 2 divine female 2 female nature. ए e 1 the eleventh vowel of the alphabet (corresponding to the letter e as pronounced in prey, grey).
एकार ekāra [ noun m ] m. the letter or sound e TPra1t. etc. ए e 2 ind. an interjection MaitrS.
2 a particle of recollection
2 addressing
2 censure
2 contempt
2 compassion L.
ए e [ noun m ]3 m. viṣṇu L. ए e 4 (ā-√) P. -eti, to come near or towards, go near, approach RV. AV. S3Br. etc. ; (with and without punar) to come back, come again to AitBr. MBh. Katha1s. etc. ; to reach, attain, enter, come into (a state or position) Mn. xii, 125 Megh. Prab. etc. ; to submit, fall to one's share ChUp. v, 14, 1 (āyayanti ?) Kat2hUp. : Intens. A1. (3. du. -iyāte; 1. pl. -īmahe) to hasten near RV. vii, 39, 2 ; to request VS. iv, 5.
आय āya etc. see p. 147, col. 3.
एत eta [ noun m f[etā] n ]1 (for 2. see s.v.) mfn. come near, approached RV. Nir. etc. एति eti [ noun f ] f. arrival, approach RV. x, 91, 4; 178, 2. एत्य etya ind.p. having come near etc. RV. x, 66, 14 AV. Mn. Ragh. etc.
एक eka [ noun m f[ekā] n ]ekaeka mfn. (√i Un2. iii, 43, probably fr. a base e; cf. Zd. ae-va; Gk. 1, 2; Goth. ai-n-s; also Lat. aequu-s; g. sarvā*di Pa1n2. 1-1, 27; see Gr. 200) , one (eko'pi, or ekaś-cana, with na preceding or following, no one, nobody; the words ekayā na or ekān na are used before decade numerals to lessen them by one e.g. ekān na triṁśat, twenty-nine) RV. etc. (with and without eva) alone, solitary, single, happening only once, that one only (frequently ifc.; cf. dharmaika-rakṣa, etc.) RV. etc. the same, one and the same, identical S3Br. v Ka1tyS3r. Mn. etc. one of two or many (eka - eka, eka - dvitīya, the one - the other; esp. pl. eke, some, eke - apare some - others, etc.) S3Br. Ka1tyS3r. MBh. Hit. etc. (eka repeated twice, either as a compound [cf. ekaika] or uncompounded, may have the sense "one and one", "one by one" RV. i, 20, 7; 123, 8; v, 52, 17 R. BhP. etc.) single of its kind, unique, singular, chief, pre-eminent, excellent Ragh. Katha1s. Kum. etc. sincere, truthful MW. little, small L. (sometimes used as an indefinite article) , a, an R. S3ak. Vet. etc. (the fem. of eka before a taddhita suffix and as first member of a compound is eka not ekā Pa1n2. 6-3, 62) [ noun m ] m. N. of a teacher A1p. of a son of raya BhP. ekā: [ noun f ] f. N. of durgā [ noun n ] n. unity, a unit (ifc.) Hcat. एकऋतु ekaṛtu [ noun m ] m. the only time, only season AV. viii, 9, 25; 26. एकऋषि ekaṛṣi [ noun m ] m. the only or chief ṛṣi AV. viii, 9, 25; 26; x, 7, 14 N. of a ṛṣi S3Br. xiv. एककण्टक ekakaṇṭaka [ noun m ] m. a species of Silurus L. एककण्ठ ekakaṇṭha [ noun m f[ekakaṇṭhā] n ] mfn. "having one throat", uttering simultaneously. एककपाल ekakapāla [ noun m f[ekakapālā] n ] mfn. contained in one cup, one cup-full AitBr. iii, 48, 2 S3Br. एककर ekakara [ noun m f[ekakarī] n ] mf(ī)n. doing or effecting one Pa1n2. 3-2, 21 [ noun m f[ekakarā] n ] mf(ā)n. one-handed, one-rayed L. एककर्मकारक ekakarmakāraka [ noun m f[ekakarmakārakā] n ] mfn. doing the same thing, having the same profession. एककल्प ekakalpa [ noun m f[ekakalpā] n ] mfn. having the same method of performing ceremonial, observing the same ritual (as priests). एककार्य ekakārya [ noun n ] n. the same business or work MBh. [ noun m f[ekakāryā] n ] mfn. executing the same work, performing the same business Pan5cat. एककाल ekakāla [ noun m ] m. happening at the same time, simultaneous BhP. ekakālam: ind. at one time only, once a day Mn. vi, 55. एककालिकम् ekakālikam ind. once a day Mn. xi, 123.
एककालिन् ekakālin [ noun m f[ekakālinī] n ] mfn. happening only once a day Ma1rkP. एककुण्डल ekakuṇḍala [ noun m ] m. "having one ear-ring or ring", N. of kuvera L. of śeṣa L. of bala-rāma L. एककुष्ठ ekakuṣṭha [ noun n ] n. a kind of leprosy Sus3r. Car. एककृष्ट ekakṛṣṭa [ noun m f[ekakṛṣṭā] n ] mfn. once ploughed L. एकक्षीर ekakṣīra [ noun n ] n. the milk of one and the same cow Ka1s3. on Pa1n2. 6-3, 62. एकखुर ekakhura [ noun m ] m. a one-hoofed animal A1p. ii, 16, 16. एकगु ekagu [ noun m ] m. a particular agni-ṣṭoma (q.v.) GopBr. एकगुरु ekaguru [ noun m ] m. having the same teacher, pupil of the same preceptor. एकगुरुक ekaguruka [ noun m ] m. having the same teacher, pupil of the same preceptor. एकग्राम ekagrāma [ noun m ] m. the same village g. gahā*di Pa1n2. 4-2, 138 Sa1mavBr. एकग्रामीण ekagrāmīṇa [ noun m f[ekagrāmīṇā] n ] mfn. inhabiting the same village S3a1n3khGr2. ii, 16, 5 Mn. iii, 103. एकग्रामीय ekagrāmīya [ noun m f[ekagrāmīyā] n ] mfn. id. Pa1n2. एकचक्र ekacakra [ noun m f[ekacakrā] n ] mf(ā)n. having one wheel (said of the sun's chariot) RV. i, 164, 2 AV. ix, 9, 2; x, 8, 7 possessing only one army, governed by one king (as the earth) BhP. [ noun m ] m. N. of a dānava MBh. VP. etc. ekacakrā: [ noun f ] f. N. of a town of the kīcakas MBh. एकचक्रवर्तिता ekacakravartitā [ noun f ] f. the state of revolving on one wheel (said of the sun) the state of being sole master, supremacy (of a king) Katha1s. xviii, 70. एकचक्षुस् ekacakṣus [ noun m f n ] mfn. one-eyed (said of an animal or of a needle). एकचत्वारिंश ekacatvāriṁśa [ noun m f[ekacatvāriṁśī] n ] mf(ī)n. the forty-first. एकचत्वारिंशत् ekacatvāriṁśat [ noun f ]ekacatvAriMSat f. forty-one. एकचन्द्रा ekacandrā [ noun f ] f. N. of one of the mothers in the retinue of skanda MBh. एकचर ekacara [ noun m f[ekacarā] n ] mf(ā)n. wandering or living alone, not living in company, solitary, segregarious MBh. BhP. (said of certain animals) Mn. v, 17 BhP. v, 8, 15 (N. of a thief) Katha1s. moving at the same time S3Br. iii, 8, 3, 17; 18 N. of śiva-rudra Gaut. of bala-deva L. [ noun m ] m. a rhinoceros L. एकचरण ekacaraṇa [ noun m f[ekacaraṇā] n ] mfn. one-footed [ noun m ] m. pl. N. of a fabulous race VarBr2S. एकचारिन् ekacārin [ noun m f[ekacāriṇī] n ] mfn. living alone, solitary MBh. [ noun m ] m. a pratyeka-buddha L. ekacāriṇī: [ noun f ] f. a woman who goes after one man only, a faithful woman Das3. एकचिति ekaciti [ noun m f n ] mfn. having one layer (of wood or bricks etc.) Jaim. एकचितिक ekacitika [ noun m f[ekacitikā] n ] mfn. id. S3Br. ix. एकचितीक ekacitīka [ noun m f[ekacitīkā] n ] mfn. id. TS. V. S3ulbas. एकचितीकत्व ekacitīkatva [ noun n ] n. the state of having one layer Comm. on S3ulbas. एकचित्त ekacitta [ noun n ] n. fixedness of thought on one single object Prab. one and the same thought, unanimity R. Katha1s. [ noun m f[ekacittā] n ] mfn. thinking of one thing only, intent upon, absorbed in, Kap. Hit. Pan5cat.