गन्ध्य gandhya see vā́ja-g°.
गन्धर्व gandharva [ noun m ] m. a gandharva [though in later times the gandharvas are regarded as a class, yet in RV. rarely more than one is mentioned ; he is designated as the heavenly gandharva (divyá g° RV. ix, 86, 36 and x, 139, 5), and is also called viśvā-vasu (RV. x, 85, 21 and 22; 139, 4 and 5) and vāyu-keśa (in pl. RV. iii, 38, 6) ; his habitation is the sky, or the region of the air and the heavenly waters (RV. i, 22, 14; viii, 77, 5; ix, 85, 12; 86, 36; x, 10, 4 AV. ii, 2, 3) ; his especial duty is to guard the heavenly soma (RV. ix, 83, 4 and 85, 12) , which the gods obtain through his intervention (RV. AV. vii, 73, 3; cf. RV. i, 22, 14) ; it is obtained for the human race by indra, who conquers the gandharva and takes it by force (RV. viii, 1, 11 and 77, 5) ; the heavenly gandharva is supposed to be a good physician, because the soma is considered as the best medicine ; possibly, however, the word soma originally denoted not the beverage so called, but the moon, and the heavenly gandharva may have been the genius or tutelary deity of the moon ; in one passage (RV. ix, 86, 36) the heavenly gandharva and the soma are identified ; he is also regarded as one of the genii who regulate the course of the Sun's horses (i, 163, 2; x, 177, 2; cf. 135, 5) ; he knows and makes known the secrets of heaven and divine truths generally (x, 139, 5 and 6 AV. ii, 1, 2; xx, 128, 3 VS. xi, 1; xxxii, 9) ; he is the parent of the first pair of human beings, yama and yamī (RV. x, 10, 4) , and has a peculiar mystical power over women and a right to possess them (RV. x, 85, 21 and 22; 40 and 41) ; for this reason he is invoked in marriage ceremonies (AV. xiv, 2, 35 and 36) ; ecstatic states of mind and possession by evil spirits are supposed to be derived from the heavenly gandharva (cf. -gṛhīta, -graha) ; the gandharvas as a class have the same characteristic features as the one gandharva ; they live in the sky (RV. AV. S3Br. xiv) , guard the soma (RV. ix, 113, 3 S3Br. iii AitBr. i, 27), are governed by varuṇa (just as the āpsarasas are governed by soma) S3Br. xiii A1s3vS3r. x, 7, 3, know the best medicines (AV. viii, 7, 23 VS. xii, 98), regulate the course of the asterisms (AV. xiii, 1, 23 BhP. iv, 29, 21; hence twenty-seven are mentioned VS. ix, 7), follow after women and are desirous of intercourse with them (AV. S3Br. iii) ; as soon as a girl becomes marriageable, she belongs to soma, the gandharvas, and agni (Gr2ihya1s. ii, 19 f. Pan5cat. Sus3r.) ; the wives of the gandharvas are the āpsarasas (cf. gandharvā*psarás), and like them the gandharvas are invoked in gambling with dice (AV. vii, 109, 5) ; they are also feared as evil beings together with the rākṣasas, kimīdins, piśācas, etc., amulets being worn as a protection against them (AV. Sus3r.) ; they are said to have revealed the vedas to vāc (S3Br. iii; cf. Pa1rGr2. ii, 12, 2), and are called the preceptors of the ṛṣis (S3Br. xi) ; purūravas is called among them (ib.) ; in epic poetry the gandharvas are the celestial musicians or heavenly singers (cf. RV. x, 177, 2) who form the orchestra at the banquets of the gods, and they belong together with the āpsarasas to indra's heaven, sharing also in his battles (Ya1jn5. i, 71 MBh. Hariv. etc.; cf. RTL. p.238) ; in the more systematic mythology the gandharvas constitute one of the classes into which the higher creation is divided (i.e. gods, manes, gandharvas AV. xi, 5, 2; or gods, asuras, gandharvas, men TS. vii, 8, 25, 2; cf. S3Br. x; or gods, men, gandharvas, āpsarasas, sarpas, and manes AitBr. iii, 31, 5; for other enumerations cf. Nir. iii, 8 Mn. i, 37 [RTL. p.237] iii, 196;vii, 23; xii, 47 Nal. etc.) ; divine and human gandharvas are distinguished (TUp. ii, 8; the divine or deva-gandharvas are enumerated MBh. i, 2550 ff. and 4810 ff.) ; another passage names 11 classes of gandharvas (TA1r. i, 9, 3) ; the chief or leader of the gandharvas is named citra-ratha (Bhag. x, 26) ; they are called the creatures of prajāpati (Mn. i, 37) or of brahmā (Hariv. 11793) or of kaśyapa (11850) or of the munis (MBh. i, 2550 Hariv. 11553) or of prādhā (MBh. i, 2556) or of ariṣṭā (Hariv. 234 VP. i, 21) or of vāc (PadmaP.) ; with jainas the gandharvas constitute one of the eight classes of the vyantaras] N. of the attendant of the 17th arhat of the present avasarpiṇī L. a singer VarBr2S. lxxxvii, 33 BhP. i, 11, 21 the Koil or black cuckoo L. a sage, pious man Mahi1dh. on VS. xxxii, 9 a horse MBh. iii, 11762 cf. ii, 1043 the musk deer (derived fr. gandha) L. the soul after death and previous to its being born again (corresponding in some respects to the western notion of a ghost) L. N. of the 14th kalpa or period of the world Va1yuP. i, 21, 30 of the 21st muhūrta Su1ryapr. of a svara or tone (for gāndhāra?) Hariv. ii, 120, 4 m. pl. the gandharvas (see above ) m. N. of a people (named together with the gāndhāras) R. vii, 100, 10 f. and 101, 2 ff. and 11 VarBr2S. xiv, 31 gandharvā: [ noun f ] f. durgā Hariv. ii, 120, 4 (v.l. gāndharvī) gandharvī: [ noun f ] f. gandharvī (daughter of surabhi and mother of the race of horses MBh. i, 2631 f. R. iii, 20, 28 f. Va1yuP.) RV. x, 11, 2 R. m. night BhP. iv, 29, 21 ([cf. Gk. 1 fr. 2.]) गन्धर्वकन्या gandharvakanyā [ noun f ] f. a gandharva virgin Ka1ran2d2. i. गन्धर्वखण्ड gandharvakhaṇḍa [ noun m n ] m. n. one of the 9 divisions of bhārata-varṣa. गन्धर्वगृहीत gandharvagṛhīta [ noun m f[gandharvagṛhītā] n ] (°rvá-) mfn. possessed by a gandharva S3Br. xiv AitBr. v, 29, 2. गन्धर्वग्रह gandharvagraha [ noun m ] m. the being possessed by a gandharva Sus3r. vi, 60, 8. गन्धर्वतैल gandharvataila [ noun n ] n. castor-oil Bhpr. गन्धर्वत्व gandharvatva [ noun n ] n. the state of a gandharva Katha1s. lxxiv, 312. गन्धर्वदत्ता gandharvadattā [ noun f ] f. N. of a daughter of the gandharva prince sāgara-datta, cvi, 9. गन्धर्वनगर gandharvanagara [ noun n ] n. "gandharva-city", an imaginary town in the sky MBh. ii, 1043 Hariv. R. v etc. Fata Morgana Pa1n2. 4-1, 3 Ka1r. VarBr2S. xxx xxxvi, 4 BhP. v, 14, 5 Ka1d. the city of the gandharva people R. vii. गन्धर्वपत्नी gandharvapatnī [ noun f ] (°rvá-) f. the wife of a gandharva, an apsaras AV. ii, 2, 5. गन्धर्वपद gandharvapada [ noun n ] n. the abode of the gandharvas AV.Paris3. गन्धर्वपुर gandharvapura [ noun n ] n. ( = -nagara) the city of the gandharvas Katha1s. Fata Morgana VarBr2S. BhP. v. गन्धर्वराज gandharvarāja [ noun m ] m. a chief of the gandharvas MBh. N. of citra-ratha W. गन्धर्वर्तु gandharvartu [ noun m ] (ṛt°) m. the time or season of the gandharvas AV. xiv, 2, 34. गन्धर्वलोक gandharvaloka [ noun m ] m. pl. the worlds of the gandharvas S3Br. xiv, 6, 6, 1 and 7, 1, 37 f. गन्धर्वविद्या gandharvavidyā [ noun f ] f. "gandharva-science", music MBh. (pl.) R. i, 79, 21. गन्धर्वविवाह gandharvavivāha [ noun m ] m. "the form of marriage peculiar to the gandharvas", a marriage proceeding entirely from love without ceremonies and without consulting relatives (allowed between persons of the second or military class) cf. Mn. iii, 26. गन्धर्ववेद gandharvaveda [ noun m ] m. = -vidyā (considered as a branch of the SV.) Caran2. गन्धर्वहस्त gandharvahasta [ noun m ] m. "gandharva-handed (the form of the leaves resembling that of a hand)", the castor-oil tree Sus3r. (a-manuṣyasya h° Ka1vya7d. iii, 121.) गन्धर्वहस्तक gandharvahastaka [ noun m ] m. id. Sus3r. गन्धर्वाप्सरस् gandharvāpsaras [ noun f ] f. pl. the gandharvas and the āpsarasas VS. xxx, 8 AV. S3Br. etc. f. du. (asau) gandharva and the āpsarasas A1rshBr. गन्धर्वेष्ठा gandharveṣṭhā [ noun m f n[gandharveṣṭha] ] mfn. being with gandharva MaitrS. i, 3, 1. गन्धार gandhāra [ noun m ] m. pl. (gaṇas kacchā*di and sindhv-ādi) N. of a people ChUp. AV. Paris3. MBh. i, 2440 m. ( = gāndh°) the third note L. (in music) a particular rāga L. red lead L. gandhārī: [ noun f ] f. for gāndh° (N. of a vidyā-devī) L. गन्धारि gandhāri [ noun m ] m. pl. N. of a people RV. i, 126, 7 AV. v, 22, 14 (cf. gāndh°.) गन्धाला gandhālā etc. see gandhá.
गन्मुत् ganmut see garmút.
गब्दिका gabdikā [ noun f ] f. N. of a country g. sindhv-ādi Pa1n2. 2-4, 10 Pat.; ii, 1, 6 Ka1s3. गभ gabha [ noun m ] m. (√gabh = gambh = jambh) "slit", the vulva VS. xxiii S3Br. xiii, 2, 9, 6. गभस्तल gabhastala [ noun n ] n. = gabhasti-mat q.v. गभस्ति gabhasti [ noun m ] m. "fork (?)", arm, hand RV. S3Br. iv, 1, 1, 9 (Naigh. i, 5) a ray of light, sunbeam MBh. R. Pan5cat. etc. the sun L. N. of an āditya, Ramapujasar. of a ṛṣi BrahmaP. ii, 12 [ noun f ] f. N. of svāhā (the wife of agni) L. m. (or f.) du. the two arms or hands RV. i, iii, v ff. gabhastī: [ noun f ] f. N. of a river VP. ii, 4, 36 [ noun m f n ] mfn. shining ("fork-like", double-edged or sharp-edged, pointed?) RV. i, 54, 4 TBr. ii (cf. syū́ma-g°) गभस्तिनेमि gabhastinemi [ noun m ] m. "the felly of whose wheel is sharp-edged (?)", N. of kṛṣṇa MBh. xii, 1512. गभस्तिपाणि gabhastipāṇi [ noun m ] m. "having rays for hands", the sun L. गभस्तिपूत gabhastipūta [ noun m f[gabhastipūtā] n ] (gábh°) mfn. purified with the hands RV. ii, 14, 8; ix, 86, 34 VS. vii, 1. गभस्तिमत् gabhastimat [ noun m f[gabhastimatī] n ] mfn. shining, brilliant MBh. ii, 443; iii, 146 [ noun m ] m. the sun Ragh. iii, 37 Ka1d. vi, 1158 a particular hell VP. ii, 5, 2 (gabhas-tala Va1yuP.) [ noun m n ] m. n. N. of one of the nine divisions of bhāratavarṣa VP. ii, 3, 6 Gol. iii, 41. गभस्तिमालिन् gabhastimālin [ noun m ] m. "garlanded with rays", the sun Ka1d. iii, 945; v, 633 Hcar. v, 408 Ba1lar. ii. गभस्तिहस्त gabhastihasta [ noun m ] m. = -pāṇi L. गभस्तीश्वर gabhastīśvara [ noun n ] n. N. of a liṅga Ka1s3i1Kh. il. गभिषक् gabhiṣak ind. (√sañj cf. ānuṣák) deeply down, far down or within AV. vii, 7, 1; (? xix, 56, 2.)
गभीका gabhīkā v.l. for gargarikā q.v.
गभीर gabhīra [ noun m f[gabhīrā] n ] mf(ā́)n. deep (opposed to gādha and dīna) RV. etc. (Naigh. i, 11) deep in sound, deep-sounding, hollow-toned RV. v, 85, 1 R2itus. profound, sagacious, grave, serious, solemn, secret, mysterious RV. AV. v, 11, 3 (gambh° MBh. etc.) Prab. iv, 15 Sa1h. dense, impervious BhP. viii, 3, 5 (gambh° R. iii) not to be penetrated or investigated or explored, inscrutable "inexhaustible", uninterrupted (time) BhP. i, 5, 8 (gambh°, iv, 12, 38; v, 24, 24) [ noun m ] m. N. of a son of manu bhautya or of rambha VP. iii, 2, 43 BhP. ix, 17, 10. गभीरवेपस् gabhīravepas [ noun m f n ] (°rá-) mfn. ( = gambh°) moved deeply or inwardly, deeply excited RV. i, 35, 7. गभीरिका gabhīrikā [ noun f ] f. "deep-sounding", a large drum L. a gong W. गभ्वर gabhvara [ noun n ] n. ( = gahv°) an abyss, depth Ka1ran2d2. x, 7. गम्भन् gambhan [ noun n ] n. depth VS. xiii, 30. गम्भर gambhara [ noun n ] n. id. RV. x, 106, 9 ("water" Naigh. i, 12). गम्भिष्ठ gambhiṣṭha [ noun m f[gambhiṣṭhā] n ] mfn. superl. of gabhīrá S3Br. vii. गम्भीर gambhīra [ noun m f[gambhīrā] n ] mfn. = gabh° RV. (only in the beginning of pādas, six times) AV. etc. (in post-Vedic writings gambh° is more used than gabh°; the deepness of a man's navel, voice, and character are praised together VarBr2S. lxviii, 85; hence a person who is said to have a deep navel, voice, and character is called tri-gambhīrá mf(ā)n. MBh. iv, 254; v, 3939) [ noun m ] m. ( = jambh°) the lemon tree L. a lotus L. a mantra of the RV. L. ( = gabh°) N. of a son of bhautya VP. (v.l.) gambhīrā: [ noun f ] f. a hiccup, violent singultus (with hikkā Sus3r.) W. gambhīrā: N. of a river Megh. 41 [ noun n ] n. "depth", with jamad-agneḥ N. of a sāman. गम्भीरगति gambhīragati [ noun m f n ] mfn. extending deeply (as a sore) Sus3r. i. गम्भीरचेतस् gambhīracetas [ noun m f n ] (°rá-) mfn. of profound mind RV. viii, 8, 2. गम्भीरता gambhīratā [ noun f ] f. depth (of water) W. depth (of a sound) W. profoundness, earnestness, sagacity W. गम्भीरत्व gambhīratva [ noun n ] n. id. W. गम्भीरध्वनि gambhīradhvani [ noun m ] m. a deep sound, low tone W. गम्भीरनाद gambhīranāda [ noun m ] m. deep or hollow sound, thundering, roaring W. गम्भीरनिर्घोष gambhīranirghoṣa [ noun m ] m. "deep-sounding", N. of a nāga Buddh. गम्भीरपक्ष gambhīrapakṣa [ noun m ] m. N. of a prince ib. गम्भीरबुद्धि gambhīrabuddhi [ noun m ] m. "of profound mind", N. of a son of manu indra-sāvarṇi BhP. viii, 13, 34. गम्भीरवेदिन् gambhīravedin [ noun m f[gambhīravedinī] n ] mfn. "deeply sensitive", restive (an elephant) Ragh. iv, 39 Sin6ha7s. Introd. 9 inscrutable ib. गम्भीरवेध gambhīravedha [ noun m f[gambhīravedhā] n ] mfn. very penetrating W. गम्भीरवेपस् gambhīravepas [ noun m f n ] (°rá-) mfn. = gabh° RV. x, 62, 5 AV. xix, 2, 3. गम्भीरशंस gambhīraśaṁsa [ noun m f[gambhīraśaṁsā] n ] (°rá-) mfn. ruling secretly or in a hidden manner (as varuṇa) RV. vii, 87, 6 (["whose praise is inexhaustible" Sa1y.]) गम्भीरशील gambhīraśīla [ noun m ] m. "of a profound character", N. of a Brahman Buddh. L. गम्भीरसत्त्वस्वरनाभि gambhīrasattvasvaranābhi [ noun m f n ] mfn. = tri-g° (see above ) Sus3r. गम्भीरस्वामिन् gambhīrasvāmin [ noun m ] m. "the inscrutable lord", N. of a statue of nārāyaṇa Ra1jat. iv, 80. गम्भीरार्थ gambhīrārtha [ noun m f[gambhīrārthā] n ] mfn. having a profound sense or meaning Subh. गम्भीरक gambhīraka [ noun m f[gambhīrikā] n ] mf(ikā)n. lying deep (a vein) Sus3r. iv, 16, 19 gambhīrikā: [ noun f ] f. with dṛṣṭi, a particular disease of the eye (which causes the pupil to contract and the eye to sink in its socket), vi, 1, 28 and 7, 39 gambhīrikā: ( = °rā) N. of a river VarBr2S. xvi, 16. गभोलिक gabholika [ noun m ] m. a small round pillow L. गभ्वर gabhvara see gabhá.
गम् gam [ verb 1U ]1 Ved. cl.1 P. gámati (Naigh.; Subj. gamam, gámat [gamātas, gamātha AV.], gamāma, gaman RV.; Pot. gaméma RV.; inf. gámadhyai RV. i, 154, 6) : cl.2 P. gánti (Naigh.; Impv. 3. sg. gantu, [2. sg. gadhi see ā-, or gahi see adhi-, abhy-ā-, ā-, upā*-], 2. pl. gántā or gantana RV.; impf. 2. and 3. sg. ágan [RV. AV.] , 1. pl. áganma [RV. AV.; cf. Pa1n2. 8-2, 65] , 3. pl. ágman RV.; Subj. [or aor. Subj. cf. Pa1n2. 2-4, 80 Ka1s3.] 1. pl. ganma, 3. pl. gmán RV.; Pot. 2. sg. gamyās RV. i, 187, 7; Prec. 3. sg. gamyā́s RV.; pr. p. gmát, x, 22, 6) : cl.3 P. jaganti (Naigh. ii, 14; Pot. jagamyām, °yāt RV. Hir. i, 8, 4; impf. 2. and 3. sg. ajagan, 2. pl. ajaganta or °tana RV.) : Ved. and Class. cl.1 P. (also A1. MBh. etc.) , with substitution of gacch ([= 1]) for gam, gácchati (cf. Pa1n2. 7-3, 77; Subj. gā*cchāti RV. x, 16, 2; 2. sg. gacchās [RV. vi, 35, 3] or gacchāsi [AV. v, 5, 6]; 2. pl. gacchāta RV. viii, 7, 30; 3. pl. gácchān RV. viii, 79, 5; impf. ágacchat; Pot. gacchet; pr. p. gácchat RV. etc.; aor. agamat Pa1n2. 3-1, 55; vi, 4, 98 Ka1s3.; for A1. with prepositions cf. Pa1n2. 1-2, 13; 2nd fut. gamiṣyati AV. etc.; 1st fut. gántā [Pa1n2. 7-2, 58] RV. etc.; perf. 1. sg. jagamā [RV.],3. sg. jagāma, 2. du. jagmathur, 3. pl. jagmúr RV. etc.; p. jaganvás [RV. etc.] or jagmivas Pa1n2. 7-2, 68 f. jagmúṣī RV. etc. [p. 347, col. 1]; Ved. inf. gántave, gántavaí; Class. inf. gantum: Ved. ind.p. gatvāya, gatvī́; Class. ind.p. gatvā́ [AV. etc.] , with prepositions -gamya or -gatya Pa1n2. 6-4, 38) to go, move, go away, set out, come RV. etc. ; to go to or towards, approach (with acc. or loc. or dat. [MBh. Ragh. ii, 15; xii, 7; cf. Pa1n2. 2-3, 12] or prati [MBh. R.]) RV. etc. ; to go or pass (as time e.g. kāle gacchati, time going on, in the course of time) R. Ragh. Megh. Naish. Hit. ; to fall to the share of (acc.) Mn. etc. ; to go against with hostile intentions, attack L. ; to decease, die Ca1n2. ; to approach carnally, have sexual intercourse with (acc.) A1s3vGr2. iii, 6 Mn. etc. ; to go to any state or condition, undergo, partake of, participate in, receive, obtain (e.g. mitratāṁ gacchati, "he goes to friendship" i.e. he becomes friendly) RV. AV. etc. ; jānubhyām avanīṁ-√gam, "to go to the earth with the knees", kneel down MBh. xiii, 935 Pan5cat. v, 1, 10/11 ; dharaṇīṁ mūrdhnā-√gam, "to go to the earth with the head", make a bow R. iii, 11, 6 ; mánasā-√gam, to go with the mind, observe, perceive RV. iii, 38, 6 VS. Nal. R. ; (without mánasā) to observe, understand, guess MBh. iii, 2108 ; (especially Pass. gamyate, "to be understood or meant") Pa1n2. Ka1s3. and L. Sch. ; doṣeṇa or doṣato-√gam, to approach with an accusation, ascribe guilt to a person (acc.) MBh. i, 4322 and 7455 R. iv, 21, 3 : Caus. gamayati (Pa1n2. 2-4, 46; Impv. 2. sg. Ved. gamayā or gāmaya [RV. v, 5, 10] , 3. sg. gamayatāt AitBr. ii, 6; perf. gamayā́ṁ cakāra AV. etc.) to cause to go (Pa1n2. 8-1, 60 Ka1s3.) or come, lead or conduct towards, send to (dat. AV.), bring to a place (acc. [Pa1n2. 1-4, 52] or loc.) RV. etc. ; to cause to go to any condition, cause to become TS. S3Br. etc. ; to impart, grant MBh. xiv, 179 ; to send away Pa1n2. 1-4, 52 Ka1s3. ; "to let go", not care about Ba1lar. v, 10 ; to excel Prasannar. i, 14 ; to spend time S3ak. Megh. Ragh. etc. ; to cause to understand, make clear or intelligible, explain MBh. iii, 11290 VarBr2S. L. Sch. ; to convey an idea or meaning, denote Pa1n2. 3-2, 10 Ka1s3. ; (causal of the causal) to cause a person (acc.) to go by means of jigamiśati another Pa1n2. 1-4, 52 Ka1s3. : Desid. jígamiṣati (Pa1n2., or jigāṁsate Pa1n2. 6-4, 16 Siddh.; impf. ajigāṁsat S3Br. x) to wish to go, be going La1t2y. MBh. xvi, 63 ; to strive to obtain S3Br. x ChUp. ; to wish to bring (to light, prakā́śam) TS. i : Intens. jáṅganti (Naigh.), jaṅgamīti or jaṅgamyate (Pa1n2. 7-4, 85 Ka1s3.), to visit RV. x, 41, 1 (p. gánigmat) VS. xxiii, 7 (impf. aganīgan) ; ([cf. 2; Goth. qvam; Eng. come; Lat. venio for gvemio.]) त्रिगम्भीर trigambhīra mf(ā)n., seegambhīra , a person who is said to have a deep navel, voice, and character MBh. iv, 254; v, 3939